In the management console you have 2 option for the ringtone:
The first is the default ringtone which is the ring tone for the internal calls only and the second option is the ring tone for the queue.
Changing the first option, then reprovision the phone and making an internal call, the ringtone is changed?
This option applies only for internal calls and not for external.
Have you tried multiple ringer options but still the same? If you make the change for the internal calls and reprovision the phone, then access the device's web interface you can see the change apply under colleagues ringer as per below screenshot. Does this change in your case?
The provided screenshot is from the ip phone's interface.
Change the first ringtone from Ring 3 to Ring 1 for example. Then reprovision the phone, access the ip phone's web interface and check as per provided screenshot, does it change in your case?
Since the phone is local you will need to check on your local network why the reprovision does not apply to the phone.
I have tested this on my side and is working properly.