I have recently deployed a new 3CX in my environment, but when I start the server, it prompts me for the root username and password. It never loads the 3CS software. What am I missing?
It sounds like you're opening your VM after installation, and that's a good thing to do, but try to navigate to your internal IP of the PBX (ifconfig will tell you where to go), so https://internalip: PORTyouchose and it should load up the Management Console.
Also just to add to @Saqqara's post above, please pay special attention when installing on Hyper-V that you have installed NTP as per the guide to avoid time drifting: