One thing I am doing is setting the Static IPs of the PIs at the router level and leaving the PIs themselves set to DHCP. Could that be causing this issue?
Could you please clarify hear? You mean you have a IP Reservation on your Router for the 2 RPis and leave the RPis in DHCP, but each morning, their IPs are what you have set in the Reservation, right?
Also, if you have DHCP, having the Floating IP be 172.16.40.2, is it possible that the DHCP is giving this address to another device?
I would suggest setting to something high, like 172.16.40.250, then excluding this IP from the DHCP Pool so that you guarantee no device will get this IP from DHCP.
Note: If you change the Floating IP address, you will have to adjust it also in the Management Console for hte IP Phone provisioning settings....
Out of curiosity though, in the morning before you restart your Pi, try pinging the Floating IP, then disconnect/shutdown both PIs and ping again, if there is an answer, you know something else on the network 'stole' the Floating IP Address.