I'm assuming that you plan on using the FXO port (Line) as a trunk with 3CX, and the FXS port (phone) as an extension. In that case, your assumptions are correct, phone line, from the ATA goes to the Line socket, and the Phone socket is wired to a telephone.
The blue, Internet port is what will be connected to your router. The yellow Ethernet port can be bridged to another device on your network IF the 3102 is set for that. Otherwise, the built-in router is active, along with DHCP. If that is the case, then the Ethernet port can be used for initial settings, but then all access should be through the Internet port, this function must be enabled.