Perhaps you should tell us what you want to do with the call log? You seem to be rather focused on the call log.
The short answer is that you have to login to view the call log, even if you use ODBC you need to log in.
If you are after deleting some entries which should not be there, eg phone calls made to numbers you do not want others to know, you are better off following the procedure outlined in your other post about deleting your call log.
Two ways to get to the call log:
1. using the management front end of 3cx
2. using odbc to get to the db.
Two types of users are able to login:
1. admin, this is the one you setup when you intalled 3cx.
2. using the phonesystem user.