That would not be possible. The provider established an audio call with the primary PBX that went offline.
The secondary PBX comes online and registers the trunk to pick up the next incoming call, but the previous one is lost.
A provider that supports timers will also detect that the primary PBX is down, and should drop the call
I think you need a high availability VM Cluster machine to maintain a call across a failover event, not that it has been tested of course but theoretically that's possible. In this case you are not using 3CX Failover, but VM cluster failover