In this case, I'm wondering if the phone provisions via 3CX at all.
Here is a X5U on FW 1.0.2 as an example, running on 3CX v16U4:

And the corresponding phone screens:
Everything you see above was provisioned automatically, I didn't even touch the phone UI.
So I'm wondering how you are provisioning your phone, is it even being provisioned correctly by the PBX? You said it is a STUN phone and this type of deployment should be auto provisioned like so
https://www.3cx.com/sip-phones/fanvil-x3-x5/#h.kaj5m6i41no9
After you factory reset reset the phone, it should boot up and ask for a username and password.
After entering those (extension number, and voicemail pin effectively) the phone should pull down all the provisioning settings from your PBX and should come online with all BLFs configured.
If the above is not happening then don't waste your time on the BLFs, ensure that auto provisioning is successful before anything else to save yourself some trouble.